Hello Waleed
Both your statement and the quoted statement are correct. DAI does indeed check the DCHP snooping database for all packets that arrive on untrusted interfaces. If the info in the ARP packet is not in the database, the ARP packet is dropped.
It is also true that if you connect a rogue dhcp router on a trusted interface, no check will be made against the DHCP snooping database.
Trusted, no check, untrusted check, and if the check does not pass, drop.
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
Dear Reneā
I need your help please : Following the packet tracer of DAI in this further link : https://networklessons.com/switching/dai-dynamic-arp-inspection , there is an important line : SW1(config)#ip arp inspection vlan 123
however it is not working at all : I use a 7.2 version of packet tracer (the latest) , but the CLI show en error below the word arp.
I wonder why. Please try to figure this out
Thanks
Oren
Hello Oren
Cisco Packet Tracer is what is known as a simulator. This means that it is configured to respond to commands in a similar manner to how a real Cisco IOS device would. Someone has programmed it to āactā like the IOS of a real device. Because of this, not all possible configuration options are available on packet tracer. There are many things that donāt work on it, and ARP inspection is one of them.
I went into my packet tracer and typed the command ip ? to see what available options exist. Here is what I get:
Switch(config)#ip ?
access-list Named access-list
cef Cisco Express Forwarding
default-gateway Specify default gateway (if not routing IP)
default-network Flags networks as candidates for default routes
dhcp Configure DHCP server and relay parameters
domain IP DNS Resolver
domain-lookup Enable IP Domain Name System hostname translation
domain-name Define the default domain name
flow-export Specify host/port to send flow statistics
forward-protocol Controls forwarding of physical and directed IP broadcasts
ftp FTP configuration commands
host Add an entry to the ip hostname table
inspect Context-based Access Control Engine
ips Intrusion Prevention System
local Specify local options
name-server Specify address of name server to use
nat NAT configuration commands
route Establish static routes
routing Enable IP routing
ssh Configure ssh options
tcp Global TCP parameters
Switch(config)#ip
Notice that the āarpā keyword is not available. This is why the error is indicated under the word arp.
In order to test this, you will require the use of an emulator such as GNS3 and not a simulator like Packet Tracer. The emulator will allow you to run a REAL Cisco IOS file on your computer, providing you with all of the available commands of that IOS.
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
Dear Laz
Iād tried to use GNS3 but it is a very heavy software, which needs a virtual machine - which is heavy too. After installing both, the photos of all devices need a licence. The main problem is that a switch canāt open a CLI without a virtual machine.
Iād spent more than wo days in order to figure all of this out , and I conclude that the effort is not worthy at all.
Sorry - but I wonāt spend time and effort for something that is not working well.
Oren
Hello Oren
It is true that GNS3 does have some hefty requirements, but even so, it can be useful even on systems with fewer resources. The following has an excellent āgetting startedā documentation for GNS3 that may be of help.
Other than GNS3, the only other way to get labs done is using VIRL or using real equipment.
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
Hello team,
Iāve noticed the tiniest typo in the text below. I think it means ālikeā.
Thank you @bvesel. Just fixed this!
Rene
There is nothing about ip source guard?
Hello Mauricio
IP Source Guard is a different feature to that of DAI. You can find out information about IPSG at the following lesson:
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
Hi,
Iāve an issue on my home network with DAI configuration.
Iāve configured dhcp snooping with DAI features on all vlans.
In vlan 20 there is an AP that work with dhcp relay for the dhcp server.
At the first time, I can see the mac address of my notebook (xxxx.yyyy.zzzz) on the dhcp snooping bindings but after a while the port go on err-disabled for āarp-inspectionā reason.
Log Buffer (4096 bytes):
ar 17 16:40:14.372: %SW_DAI-4-INVALID_ARP: 2 Invalid ARPs (Req) on Gi0/5, vlan 20.([xxxx.yyyy.zzzz/0.0.0.0/0000.0000.0000/169.254.7.64/17:40:13 CET Tue Mar 17 2020])
Mar 17 16:40:15.374: %SW_DAI-4-INVALID_ARP: 2 Invalid ARPs (Req) on Gi0/5, vlan 20.([xxxx.yyyy.zzzz/0.0.0.0/0000.0000.0000/169.254.7.64/17:40:14 CET Tue Mar 17 2020])
Mar 17 16:40:16.375: %SW_DAI-4-INVALID_ARP: 2 Invalid ARPs (Req) on Gi0/5, vlan 20.([xxxx.yyyy.zzzz/0.0.0.0/0000.0000.0000/169.254.7.64/17:40:15 CET Tue Mar 17 2020])
Mar 17 16:40:17.376: %SW_DAI-4-DHCP_SNOOPING_DENY: 2 Invalid ARPs (Req) on Gi0/5, vlan 20.([xxxx.yyyy.zzzz/169.254.7.64/0000.0000.0000/169.254.7.64/17:40:16 CET Tue Mar 17 2020])
Mar 17 20:19:21.303: %SW_DAI-4-PACKET_RATE_EXCEEDED: 16 packets received in 152 milliseconds on Gi0/5.
Mar 17 20:19:21.303: %PM-4-ERR_DISABLE: arp-inspection error detected on Gi0/5, putting Gi0/5 in err-disable state
Mar 17 20:19:22.315: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/5, changed state to down
Mar 17 20:19:23.316: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/5, changed state to down
( i dont know what is 169.254.7.64 :S ), but I think that the issue happen when the entry on the dhcp snooping bindings expire and the wifi card try to obtain the same address from the dhcp server
SW1#show ip dhcp snooping binding
MacAddress IpAddress Lease(sec) Type VLAN Interface
------------------ --------------- ---------- ------------- ---- --------------------
SOME:MAC:ADDRES:SS 192.168.20.20 57456 dhcp-snooping 20 GigabitEthernet0/5
SOME:MAC:ADDRES:SS 192.168.99.54 7075 dhcp-snooping 99 GigabitEthernet0/4
SOME:MAC:ADDRES:SS 192.168.20.56 6971 dhcp-snooping 20 GigabitEthernet0/5
SOME:MAC:ADDRES:SS 192.168.10.52 4614 dhcp-snooping 10 GigabitEthernet0/8
SOME:MAC:ADDRES:SS 192.168.20.54 5329 dhcp-snooping 20 GigabitEthernet0/5
SOME:MAC:ADDRES:SS 192.168.20.51 4309 dhcp-snooping 20 GigabitEthernet0/5
SOME:MAC:ADDRES:SS 192.168.20.53 6176 dhcp-snooping 20 GigabitEthernet0/5
SOME:MAC:ADDRES:SS 192.168.30.10 3631 dhcp-snooping 30 GigabitEthernet0/6
Total number of bindings: 8
SW1#
SW1#show interfaces status err-disabled
Port Name Status Reason Err-disabled Vlans
Gi0/5 20_WLAN_AP err-disabled arp-inspection
SW1#
SW1#show ip arp inspection vlan 20
Source Mac Validation : Disabled
Destination Mac Validation : Disabled
IP Address Validation : Enabled
Vlan Configuration Operation ACL Match Static ACL
---- ------------- --------- --------- ----------
20 Disabled Inactive DAIVALIDATE_HOST No
Vlan ACL Logging DHCP Logging Probe Logging
---- ----------- ------------ -------------
20 Deny Deny Off
SW1#
ip arp inspection vlan 10,20,30,99
ip arp inspection validate ip
!
!
ip dhcp snooping vlan 10,20,30,99
no ip dhcp snooping information option
ip dhcp snooping
Can you help me to understand what cause the err-disabled state?Preformatted text
Hello Giovanni
It looks like the notebook is trying to obtain an IP address via DHCP, but it is unable to. The 169.254.7.64 address is a link local address that is given to a device that is configured to use DHCP, but cannot find a DHCP server. Microsoft uses this method for link local IPv4 address allocation. They call it Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), and you can find out more about it here.
Having said that, it seems that the notebook is sending many DHCP requests. Based on the syslogs, it is this error that is causing the arp inspection error:
%SW_DAI-4-PACKET_RATE_EXCEEDED: 16 packets received in 152 milliseconds on Gi0/5.
I believe that there is some problem with the DHCP configuration, the notebook is unable to reach the DHCP server, and is given a link local address. This address is then used for the ARP requests to reach the DHCP server, which in turn exceed the packet rate.
I suggest you do the following to troubleshoot the issue:
ip dhcp relay information trust-all. More information on this here.I also suggest you try to make the topology work without using snooping to see if it is your DHCP configuration alone that is causing the problem, or the introduction of the snooping feature.
I hope this helps you in your troubleshooting procedureā¦ Let us know how it goes.
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
Hi Laz ,
Hope you are doing well , i have a query why the switch interface required to configured on vlan 123 as all interface of switch placed in default vlan 1 .What was the reason behind this ?
SW1(config)#interface range fa0/1 - 3
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
SW1(config-if-range)#**switchport access vlan 123**
SW1(config-if-range)#spanning-tree portfast
Regards
Chaudhary Shivam Chahal
Hello Shivam
All three interfaces simply have to be in the same VLAN. Yes, they could have been in the default VLAN 1, but Rene chose to use 123. It doesnāt make a difference, but it just stresses the necessity of having all the ports in the same VLAN.
Having said that, in any network, itās always best practice to avoid using VLAN 1 for your networks.
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
Hi Team,
I did not understand the arp validate points made with dst-src mac and ip. can you explain this with an example.
Hello Justin
For the DAI options described in the following command:
SW1(config)#ip arp inspection validate ?
dst-mac Validate destination MAC address
ip Validate IP addresses
src-mac Validate source MAC address
The dst-mac option compares the target MAC address field within the ARP payload, with the destination MAC address of the ARP packet itself. These two values should be the same. The target MAC address field, more appropriately known as the Target Hardware Address (THA) field, contains the MAC address of the host that originated the ARP request. This should be the same MAC address as the destination of the ARP reply. A reply should always be sent to the device that originated the request. If this is not the case, then the ARP reply was originally requested by another host, potentially a malicious one.
The ip option is used to determine if the Sender Protocol Address (SPA) field in the ARP payload contains any unusual IP addresses such as 0.0.0.0, or a multicast address. The SPA field contains the IP address of the originator of the ARP request. If this address is unrecognized, then it is likely that the ARP reply is sent from a malicious host, so such ARP packets are dropped. This check is applied to both requests and replies.
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
Hi Laz,
1)I am confused about when should I use arp access-list option and when DAI
with trusted int option?, can we use both simultaneously?
As per my understanding of this topic, if we configure DAI in that case DCHP
snooping must have already configured.
Do we have to use trust command on interface for both cases or for any one of the case will be sufficient?
Do we need to configure these sec technology on all the switches on our n/w?
Hello Pradyumna
DAI is a feature that protects the function of ARP. As stated in the lesson, DAI uses both the DHCP snooping database AND ARP access lists to operate. The DHCP snooping table is used to protect ARP messages destined for the IP Address/MAC address combinations within the table. An ARP access list should be used for any IP address/MAC address combinations that are statically assigned, and not defined within the snooping table, such as the IP of a default gateway, as in the example in the lesson.
Yes, DHCP snooping must be enabled for DAI to function. Actually, you can enable it without DHCP snooping and use only ARP access lists, but this is not a very common implementation.
For both cases? You mean for both ARP access lists and DHCP snooping database? The trust command is used for DAI regardless of if you use the snooping database, ARP access lists, or both.
You must enable and configure these features on all the switches that you wish to participate in DAI.
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
Thanks laz , now doubts are clear
Hi Lazaros,
In the DAI lesson it states that the DHCP has no way to replay back.
āWhy is the switch dropping the ARP reply? The problem is that the DHCP router is using a static IP addresses. DAI checks the DHCP snooping database for all packets that arrive on untrusted interfaces, when it doesnāt find a matchā¦the ARP packet is dropped. To fix this, we need to create a static entry for our DHCP routerā Is this because the DHCP snooping database would only have dynamically assigned addresses and not the static address of the dhcp? And also when the lesson says not to use the static command I dont understand why it is bad to only check the arp list? Would this then negate the checking of all the dynamically assigned addresses? and lastly,
in the picture attached for example configuration there is no commands for the below which I thought must be added
SW1(config)#arp access-list DHCP_ROUTER
SW1(config-arp-nacl)#permit ip host 192.168.1.254 mac host 0016.c7be.0ec8
SW1(config)#ip arp inspection filter DHCP_ROUTER vlan 123