Hi Rene,
i am trying to doing your LAB one by one…
Based on below mention topic when i am trying to change router id automatically based on highest ip address on interface why its not changing after clear ip ospf process…
R2#sh version
Cisco IOS Software, 7200 Software (C7200P-SPSERVICESK9-M), Version 12.4(15)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc5)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2009 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 28-Apr-09 20:04 by prod_rel_team
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(12.2r)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
BOOTLDR: Cisco IOS Software, 7200 Software (C7200P-KBOOT-M), Version 12.4(15)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc5)
R2 uptime is 4 days, 22 hours, 58 minutes
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is "disk0:c7200p-spservicesk9-mz.124-15.T9.bin"
This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United
States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and
use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply
third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption.
Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for
compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you
agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable
to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.
A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found at:
http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html
If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email to
export@cisco.com.
Cisco 7201 (c7201) processor (revision B) with 917504K/65536K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 78009046
MPC7448 CPU at 1666Mhz, Implementation 0, Rev 2.2
1 slot midplane, Version 2.1
Last reset from power-on
1 FastEthernet interface
4 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
2045K bytes of NVRAM.
254464K bytes of ATA PCMCIA card at slot 0 (Sector size 512 bytes).
65536K bytes of Flash internal SIMM (Sector size 512K).
Configuration register is 0x2102
R2(config)#inter loopback 0
R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#end
R2#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.23.2
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.23.3 110 00:03:33
Distance: (default is 110)
R2#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.23.2
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.23.3 110 00:03:54
Distance: (default is 110)
R2#clear ip ospf process
Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: y
R2#
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Interface GigabitEthernet0/3 going Down
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: 192.168.23.2 address 192.168.23.2 on GigabitEthernet0/3 is dead, state DOWN
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface GigabitEthernet0/3
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: DR/BDR election on GigabitEthernet0/3
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Elect BDR 0.0.0.0
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Elect DR 192.168.23.3
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Elect BDR 0.0.0.0
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Elect DR 192.168.23.3
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: DR: 192.168.23.3 (Id) BDR: none
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: 192.168.23.3 address 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 is dead, state DOWN
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface GigabitEthernet0/3
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: DR/BDR election on GigabitEthernet0/3
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Elect BDR 0.0.0.0
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Elect DR 0.0.0.0
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: DR: none BDR: none
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Remember old DR 192.168.23.3 (id)
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0 going Down
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: 192.168.23.2 address 192.168.12.2 on GigabitEthernet0/0 is dead, state DOWN
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface GigabitEthernet0/0
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: DR/BDR election on GigabitEthernet0/0
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Elect BDR 0.0.0.0
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Elect DR 0.0.0.0
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Elect BDR 0.0.0.0
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Elect DR 0.0.0.0
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: DR: none BDR: none
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Flush network LSA immediately
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Remember old DR 192.168.23.2 (id)
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Interface GigabitEthernet0/3 going Up
*Mar 14 00:32:19.074: OSPF: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0 going Up
*Mar 14 00:32:19.574: OS
R2#PF: Build router LSA for area 0, router ID 192.168.23.2, seq 0x80000001, process 1
*Mar 14 00:32:19.574: OSPF: We are not DR to build Net Lsa for interface GigabitEthernet0/0
*Mar 14 00:32:21.538: OSPF: OSPF: Rcv pkt from GigabitEthernet0/3 src 192.168.23.3 dst 224.0.0.5 id 192.168.23.3 type 5 if_state 2 : ignored due to unknown neighbor
*Mar 14 00:32:21.602: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3, state 2WAY
*Mar 14 00:32:21.602: OSPF: Backup seen Event before WAIT timer on GigabitEthernet0/3
*Mar 14 00:32:21.602: OSPF: DR/BDR election on GigabitEthernet0/3
*Mar 14 00:32:21.602: OSPF: Elect BDR 192.168.23.2
*Mar 14 00:32:21.602: OSPF: Elect DR 192.168.23.3
*Mar 14 00:32:21.602: OSPF: Elect BDR 192.168.23.2
*Mar 14 00:32:21.602: OSPF: Elect DR 192.168.23.3
*Mar 14 00:32:21.602: DR: 192.168.23.3 (Id) BDR: 192.168.23.2 (Id)
*Mar 14 00:32:21.602: OSPF: Send DBD to 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 seq 0x120 opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32
*Mar 14 00:32:21.606: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 seq 0x22DD opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXSTART
*Mar 14 00:32:21.606: OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the SLAVE
*Mar 14 00:32:21.606: OSPF: Send DBD to 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 seq 0x22DD opt 0x52 flag 0x2 len 52
*Mar 14 00:32:21.606: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 seq 0x22DE opt 0x52 flag 0x3 len 52 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE
*Mar 14 00:32:21.606: OSPF: Send DBD to 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 seq 0x22DE opt 0x52 flag 0x0 len 32
*Mar 14 00:32:21.610: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 seq 0x22DF opt 0x52 flag 0x1 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE
*Mar 14 00:32:21.610: OSPF: Exchange Done with 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3
*Mar 14 00:32:21.610: OSPF: Send LS REQ to 192.168.23.3 length 12 LSA count 1
*Mar 14 00:32:21.610: OSPF: Send DBD to 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 seq 0x22DF opt 0x52 flag 0x0 len 32
*Mar 14 00:32:21.610: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 length 76 LSA count 1
*Mar 14 00:32:21.610: OSPF: Synchronized with 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3, state FULL
*Mar 14 00:32:21.610: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
*Mar 14 00:32:24.574: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 length 76 LSA count 1
*Mar 14 00:32:24.606: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 length 60 LSA count 1
*Mar 14 00:32:26.454: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 192.168.23.3 on GigabitEthernet0/3 length 76 LSA count 1
*Mar 14 00:32:27.102: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 0, router ID 192.168.23.2, seq 0x80000007, process 1
*Mar 14 00:32:31.610: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface GigabitEthernet0/3
*Mar 14 00:32:31.610: OSPF: DR/BDR election on GigabitEthernet0/3
*Mar 14 00:32:31.610: OSPF: Elect BDR 192.168.23.2
*Mar 14 00:32:31.610: OSPF: Elect DR 192.168.23.3
*Mar 14 00:32:31.610: DR: 192.168.23.3 (Id) BDR: 192.168.23.2 (Id)
*Mar 14 00:32:59.074: OSPF: end of Wait on interface GigabitEthernet0/0
*Mar 14 00:32:59.074: OSPF: DR/BDR election on GigabitEthernet0/0
*Mar 14 00:32:59.074: OSPF: Elect BDR 192.168.23.2
*Mar 14 00:32:59.074: OSPF: Elect DR 192.168.23.2
*Mar 14 00:32:59.074: OSPF: Elect BDR 0.0.0.0
*Mar 14 00:32:59.074: OSPF: Elect DR 192.168.23.2
*Mar 14 00:32:59.074: DR: 192.168.23.2 (Id) BDR: none
*Mar 14 00:32:59.574: OSPF: No full nbrs to build Net Lsa for interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R2#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.23.2
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.23.3 110 00:01:26
Distance: (default is 110)
R2#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.23.2
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.23.3 110 00:03:12
Distance: (default is 110)
R2#sh inter br
R2#sh ip inter br
R2#sh ip inter brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.12.2 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual down down
GigabitEthernet0/2 unassigned YES manual down down
GigabitEthernet0/3 192.168.23.2 YES manual up up
Loopback0 2.2.2.2 YES manual up up
Loopback1 unassigned YES manual up up
R2#
R2#sh ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
192.168.23.3 1 FULL/DR 00:00:37 192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/3
Indeed with the config as you have it set up, the router ID should become 2.2.2.2 since it is the highest loopback ID. However, 192.168.23.2 does remain the router ID even after the clear ip ospf process command.
The only thing i can think of is that you have the router ID explicitly configured in the OSPF process as 192.168.23.2 and this is why it is not changing. Please confirm that you have no configured router ID in the OSPF configuration.
If all else fails, try rebooting the device. Let us know your results.
HI Laz,
sorry for late reply…i went to out side for few days so didn’t reply you sorry for this…
I didn’t configure the router ID manually…i checked multiple times but why i do reboot ?
I think i didn’t any mistake but If you want to see the configuration i can show you…As i mentioned previously that if i reboot the router (which is not valid process)the ID will change or if i remove the OSPF configuration and add again(which is not valid process) then the ID will change so why the command “clear ip opsf process” is not changing the Router ID ?
HI Laz,
Plz go through my steps and suggest me…sharing you for better understanding…i did tried to do LAB in GNS3 again few mintues back with 2 router(R1& R2)…topology is very simple and tried in R2 basically and shared the R1 configuration as well for your reference…
R2#sh version
Cisco IOS Software, 3700 Software (C3745-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version 12.4(25d), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2010 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Wed 18-Aug-10 08:18 by prod_rel_team
ROM: ROMMON Emulation Microcode
ROM: 3700 Software (C3745-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version 12.4(25d), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
R2#sh running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1370 bytes
!
version 12.4
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R2
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
memory-size iomem 5
no ip icmp rate-limit unreachable
ip cef
!
!
!
!
no ip domain lookup
ip auth-proxy max-nodata-conns 3
ip admission max-nodata-conns 3
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ip tcp synwait-time 5
!
!
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 11.11.11.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 22.22.22.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Serial1/0
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/2
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/3
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip forward-protocol nd
!
!
no ip http server
no ip http secure-server
!
no cdp log mismatch duplex
!
!
!
control-plane
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
privilege level 15
logging synchronous
line aux 0
exec-timeout 0 0
privilege level 15
logging synchronous
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
R2#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 11.11.11.1
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
Distance: (default is 110)
R2#sh ip inter brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 192.168.1.2 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Loopback0 11.11.11.1 YES manual up up
Loopback1 22.22.22.1 YES manual up up
R2#clear ip ospf process
Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: y
R2#
*Mar 1 00:09:54.095: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.10.10.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
*Mar 1 00:09:54.231: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.10.10.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loadi ng Done
R2#sh ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (11.11.11.1) (Process ID 1)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
10.10.10.1 10.10.10.1 55 0x80000003 0x00090A 1
11.11.11.1 11.11.11.1 45 0x80000003 0x00DA31 1
Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.1.1 10.10.10.1 55 0x80000001 0x0078F5
R2#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 11.11.11.1
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
Distance: (default is 110)
If i am trying to remove the OSPF then its working ---------------------------------
R2#conf ter
R2(config)#no router ospf 1
R2(config)#
*Mar 1 00:11:57.031: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.10.10.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
R2(config)#end
R2#con
*Mar 1 00:11:59.319: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#conf ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#router os
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#end
R2#
*Mar 1 00:12:22.699: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 22.22.22.1
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
Distance: (default is 110)
R2#sh ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (22.22.22.1) (Process ID 1)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
10.10.10.1 10.10.10.1 60 0x80000005 0x00050C 1
22.22.22.1 22.22.22.1 59 0x80000002 0x004684 1
Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.1.1 10.10.10.1 60 0x80000001 0x000647
I am trying to do with Router R1 & R2 so R1 configuration is very simple as well,share for your refarance------------------
R1#sh running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 945 bytes
!
version 12.4
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R1
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
memory-size iomem 5
no ip icmp rate-limit unreachable
ip cef
ip tcp synwait-time 5
!
!
!
!
no ip domain lookup
!
multilink bundle-name authenticated
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
!
!
no ip http server
no ip http secure-server
!
no cdp log mismatch duplex
!
!
!
!
!
control-plane
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
privilege level 15
logging synchronous
line aux 0
exec-timeout 0 0
privilege level 15
logging synchronous
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
which route is chosen as best route in OSPF, if two same routes are redistributed in to OSPF by different routing protocol(say RIP and EIGRP)? will it depend on administrative distance values of external routing protocols? if so once they are redistributed by ASBR into OSPF, OSPF’s Administrative distance values for both of same routes will be same(110) …Is my understanding correct?
When the same route is redistributed into OSPF from two different routing protocols, which is chosen depends on the metric. When an EIGRP route is redistributed into OSPF for example, we have to use what is called a seed metric. This is used to convert the metric of one protocol to the other. This doesn’t happen automatically, so we have to tell the router what this seed metric is in order for conversion to take place. If the same route is advertised via RIP and is redistributed into OSPF, once again, you have to state what the seed metric will be for that route. Whichever route has the lowest resulting OSPF metric will be the one that will be chosen. More on redistribution can be found here:
Now, the question is, when would we use Administrative Distance? Well AD would be used if a single router has learned about a single destination DIRECTLY from multiple routing protocols. In other words, this could only occur on routers that are running multiple routing protocols. From the point of view of OSPF, this would happen only on an ASBR where some interfaces are running OSPF and others are participating in other routing protocols. If multiple routing protocols advertise a route to the same destination, only then would the AD be used to determine which one will be installed in the routing table.
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
description ## Connected to Core switch ##
ip address 10.5.240.4 255.255.255.240
no ip redirects
no ip unreachables
no ip proxy-arp
ip nbar protocol-discovery
ip ospf 1 area 0
negotiation auto
Here’s a brief description of each command and what it does:
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
description ## Connected to Core switch ##
A brief description of the interface.
ip address 10.5.240.4 255.255.255.240
Configuration of the IP address and subnet mask.
no ip redirects
This instructs the interface not to send ICMP redirect packets. ICMP redirect is a method by which a router can inform a host of a more suitable default gateway to use to get to the desired destination. By disabling this feature, security is improved.
no ip unreachables
This command tells the interface not to respond to ICMP packets with ICMP unreachable responses. Utilities such as ping and traceroute as well as other features such as PMTUD for MTU size detection use such responses to function. By disabling this feature, you improve security, but you limit certain features as well.
This is an interface mode area command which is used to enable OSPF on a per-interface basis. Instead of configuring it under the router ospf configuration mode, you can do so on the interface itself. You can find out more about this at the following link:
negotiation auto
This command will enable advertisement of speed, duplex mode, and flow control on an interface. This is the default on most platforms.
One method is to use an IP scanner that will ping each individual IP address in the subnet. This of course is not foolproof as you may have a host that is not responding to ICMP requests, but may be using an IP address in the subnet. Another method is if you have access to the switch that is administrating the specific VLAN on which the hosts are connected, you can look up the MAC address table and see the MAC addresses of devices that have sent or received packets within the last five minutes. You can then send arp requests to these particular MAC addresses and recieve the corresponding IP addresses. Once again, if a host has not sent any data, but is indeed using an IP address, it may not appear in the list.
These are just some ways, but you can never be sure that you have discovered all of the configured IP addresses on the connected hosts.
I am also finding that, despite the R2-R1 link being 10mb/s and all the others being 100mb/s, R2’s routing table is load balancing the route to 192.168.13.0/24 between the R1 and R3 paths, both with a cost of 11, when it should be routing it just to R3.
Actually, this behaviour is normal for OSPF. When learning OSPF, one of the concepts that is often confusing is that the DR/BDR election doesn’t take place on a per area basis, but on a per network segment basis.
What does that mean? Essentially, it means that every subnet where OSPF routers are connected, will have a DR/BDR election. Take a look at this image:
Here we have three OSPF routers, and all of their Fa0/0 interfaces are on the same subnet. Therefore these interfaces will take part in the DR/BDR election. One router will become DR, the other BDR, and the third DROTHER. Now take a look at this image:
Here, there is still a single area, but we have OSPF routers in two separate network segments. So R1 and R2 will participate in a DR/BDR election on the 192.168.12.0/24 network segment, and R2 and R3 will also participate in a separate independent election on the 192.168.23.0/24 network segment. So R2 may be DR on the one segment, and be BDR on the other.
You can think of DR/BDR elections as taking place not between routers, but between router interfaces.
So in your case, since you have a triangular topology, there will be three DR/BDR elections, one for each segment. And since there are only two routers on each segment, one will become the DR and the other the BDR.
So yes we can have more than one DR per area, but not per network segment. And secondly, think about the DR and BDR as a characteristic of the interface and not the whole router itself, since a router can be DR on one interface and BDR on another.
For more info on DR/BDR elections, take a look at the following lesson:
OSPF will load balance only if the cost to the particular network is equal. If it is indeed unequal, then only a single route will appear in the routing table, and load balancing will not occur. If you are seeing both routes in the routing table, then my suspicion is that the cost via both routes is exactly the same.
Do a show interface on the interfaces in question, and take a look at the actual speeds they are set to, as well as the value of the bandwidth (BW) which is used by routing protocols to determine load balancing and cost. Take a look at the example below:
If these values are the same for interfaces leading to both alternative routes to the destination, then you will need to take a look at your configuration to ensure that you are replicating the lesson correctly.
Thanks Laz. That clarifies it immensely. In all the years I have been studying Cisco I don’t think I have ever seen the tip about thinking of it in terms of interfaces rather than routers. It shows how much clearer this site is than all the others
You still have to set the password on the interface level:
