# IPv6 Summarization Example
**URL:** https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223
**Category:** Lessons Discussion
**Created:** [December 29, 2016, 5:14pm UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223 "2016-12-29T17:14:34Z")
**Posts on this page:** 18
**Page:** 1
### Author:  [@ReneMolenaar](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/ReneMolenaar)
#### Post date: [December 29, 2016, 5:14pm UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/1 "2016-12-29T17:14:34Z")
This topic is to discuss the following lesson:
> **[IPv6 Summarization Example](https://networklessons.com/ipv6/ipv6-summarization-example)**
>
> This lesson explains how to calculate summaries of IPv6 prefixes for routing protocols like RIPNG, OSPFv3, EIGRP, IS-IS or BGP.
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### Author:  [@suneethabdullah](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/suneethabdullah)
#### Post date: [December 20, 2015, 7:43am UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/2 "2015-12-20T07:43:27Z")
Nice Examples.
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### Author:  [@monishbk](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/monishbk)
#### Post date: [May 30, 2016, 10:15am UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/3 "2016-05-30T10:15:29Z")
Rene,
Looks like the third example have mistakes. The summary address should be 2001:DB8::/60. can you confirm??
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### Author:  [@monishbk](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/monishbk)
#### Post date: [May 30, 2016, 10:21am UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/4 "2016-05-30T10:21:56Z")
Got it. I have done the same mistake which have mentioned. I have calculated wrongly before reading details.
“Be careful that you don’t accidently convert number 12 from decimal to binary.”
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### Author:  [@ReneMolenaar](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/ReneMolenaar)
#### Post date: [May 30, 2016, 10:23am UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/5 "2016-05-30T10:23:00Z")
Hi Pavithra,
It should be /59. In the 4th hextet, we have 11 similar bits.
16 + 16 + 16 + 11 = 59
Rene
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### Author:  [@ReneMolenaar](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/ReneMolenaar)
#### Post date: [May 30, 2016, 10:23am UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/6 "2016-05-30T10:23:45Z")
Good that you have found it 🙂 It’s easy to see 12 (twelve) instead of 12 (one two).
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### Author:  [@michael12](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/michael12)
#### Post date: [July 30, 2016, 5:50am UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/7 "2016-07-30T05:50:52Z")
Wow. Rene, Thank you.
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### Author:  [@wilder7bc](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/wilder7bc)
#### Post date: [October 14, 2017, 12:12pm UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/8 "2017-10-14T12:12:48Z")
OMG I cannot believe how easy IPV6 is. Granted this is my first time passing through these lessons and if I didn’t recover or think about what I just learned it could easily be forgotten but you really have me looking at it differently.
I like to count backwards from right to left when doing my summaries and one thing about hex that makes it easy is that its in blocks of 4 “0000” so its always “8 4 2 1” those are easy numbers to work with and that part is just simple math but more pattern and grouping really and I love patterns and groupings its how my mind tends to associate and think.
so find the like pattern then count from left to right (that’s your first pattern grouping) then count backwards from right to left and stop just where your pattern ends and blam you have your summary. Now the tricky part was what you mention about making sure to not go from decimal to binary. I did that as well treating the 12 as the first octet. when it was actually a “1” and a “2” but other than being careful with that summarization is easy with IPV6.
who would have thought I would be able to do that when I first started looking at IPV6 for my COMPTIA and even later for my CCENT and then CCNA I was like this is something only some really crazy smart person could get its not ever going to be usable or practicable but now with these lessons something has just clicked into place and I went from that to wow I can do this and really its easy…
Great Lesson!
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### Author:  [@maxturpin](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/maxturpin)
#### Post date: [December 31, 2017, 11:19pm UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/9 "2017-12-31T23:19:51Z")
Excellent excellent lesson. The prefixes are really starting to make sense. It’s only a matter of realizing you’re dealing with hex and not with decimal when converting to binary. Just keep working with the nibbles.
Thanks Rene.
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### Author:  [@ReneMolenaar](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/ReneMolenaar)
#### Post date: [January 2, 2018, 12:40pm UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/10 "2018-01-02T12:40:55Z")
Glad to hear you like it Max! 😄
It takes time to get used to hex/nibbles. When you just started, it’s easy to forget you are working with hex, not decimal. A common trap is to translate something like 10 (decimal) to 00001010 while it should be 0001 0000 since it’s hexadecimal.
Keep practicing and it will become much easier.
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### Author:  [@hroger](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/hroger)
#### Post date: [April 15, 2019, 2:33pm UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/11 "2019-04-15T14:33:07Z")
Hello Laz,
I understand that 2001:DB8:1234:AB80::/57 is the “optimal” summarization of 2001:DB8:1234:ABA2::/64 and 2001:DB8:1234:ABC3::/64. but I see this summarization include all the pool [2001:0db8:1234:ab80:0000:0000:0000:0000 - 2001:0db8:1234:abff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff] …which must be precised in the documentation
then, if there is no constraint in the exibit asking to exclude all before 2001:db8:1234:ab7f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
and all after 2001:0db8:1234:ac00:0000:0000:0000:0000, I think an “industrial” summarization may be 2001:DB8:1234:AB00::/56 (pool from AB00 to ABFF) or, more of that, 2001:DB8:1234:AA00::/55 . then, with a good, industrial (but ip expensive) IP hierarchical organization, no documentation at all must be done.
(I think, for example, about a ccna question asking "is 2001:db8:1234:aa00::/55 a possible summarization of 2001:DB8:1234:ABA2::/64 and 2001:DB8:1234:ABC3::/64)
Am I right ?
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### Author:  [@hroger](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/hroger)
#### Post date: [April 15, 2019, 2:42pm UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/12 "2019-04-15T14:42:19Z")
Hello Laz,
I understand that 2001:DB8:1234:AB80::/57 is the “optimal” summary of 2001:DB8:1234:ABA2::/64 and 2001:DB8:1234:ABC3::/64. but I see that this summary includes the whole pool [2001:0db8:1234:ab80:0000:0000:0000:0000 - 2001:0db8:1234:abff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff] … which must be specified in the Lan documentation.
Then, if there is no constraint in the exibit asking to exclude everything before 2001:db8:1234:ab7f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff and everything after 2001:0db8:1234:ac00:0000:0000:0000:0000 I thinks that an “industrial” summary can be 2001:DB8:1234:AB00::/56 (pool from AB00 to ABFF) or, even more , 2001:DB8:1234:AA00::/55. then, with a good industrial IP hierarchical organization (but expensive in IP), no Lan documentation should be made.
(I think, for example, a question from the ccna that poses "is 2001:db8:1234:aa00 :😕 55 a possible summary of 2001:DB8:1234:ABA2 :😕 64 and 2001:DB8:1234:ABC3 :😕 64)
Am I right ?
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### Author:  [@lagapidis](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/lagapidis)
#### Post date: [April 16, 2019, 4:33pm UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/13 "2019-04-16T16:33:28Z")
Hello Hugues
Yes, you are correct in your logic. The purpose of the exercise was to further understand how prefixes work. The most precise or optimal summary is indeed /57 however, a /56 would be easier to work with, and would be what you would most likely choose in a real life example (unless you are restrained due to the use of neighbouring addresses.
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
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### Author:  [@walter.nakatana](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/walter.nakatana)
#### Post date: [May 13, 2020, 9:12am UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/14 "2020-05-13T09:12:01Z")
Hi,
in the real world, isn’t there some online subnneting calculator that does summarization automatically?
regards
WN
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### Author:  [@lagapidis](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/lagapidis)
#### Post date: [May 14, 2020, 9:27am UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/15 "2020-05-14T09:27:38Z")
Hello Walter
Yes, it is true that there are a lot of online tools that will help you summarize and calculate prefixes, and subnet for both IPv4 and IPv6. We will often use those when implementing configurations just to be sure that there is no human error when doing the calculations. However, actually performing them will help us to more deeply understand the concepts and the reasoning behind the implementations, so as a learning exercise, actually doing the calculations is invaluable.
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
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### Author:  [@ibmufa](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/ibmufa)
#### Post date: [October 25, 2021, 5:20pm UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/16 "2021-10-25T17:20:59Z")
Rene
I still get confused when on this example where AB80 10101011 1_0000000_
where is the 0 in 80 coming from. Does that mean we are including the other 3 0’s that we zeroed (the blue 0’s) out into this calculation? Why is it 80 intead of just 8 because it’s only 1 position which is 2 to power of 3 ?
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### Author:  [@lagapidis](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/lagapidis)
#### Post date: [October 27, 2021, 5:11am UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/17 "2021-10-27T05:11:02Z")
Hello Itai
First of all, remember that all IP addresses, whether IPv4 or IPv6, are always viewed, used, and manipulated **in binary format** by the network devices. The use of hexadecimal is only for the benefit of us humans. So remember that we have to convert everything to binary, determine the operation that was performed, and then convert back to hexadecimal.
Finding the summary address of two IPv6 addresses as shown in Example 1 of the lesson, means we must:
- find all the leftmost bits that are the same in both addresses
- starting from the very first bit that is different, make the rest of the bits zeros
In the lesson, Rene converted the specific hextet to binary, and kept the bits that are the same, marked in red, and zeroed the bits that are different, marked in blue.
Here it is again:
ABA2 **101010111** 0100010
ABC3 **101010111** 1000011
In my case, I made the bits that are the same **bold**. So we keep those bits, and make the rest zeros and we get:
**101010111** 0000000
Now we want to convert this back to hexadecimal. Each four bits corresponds to a single hex digit, so lets split these 16 bits into four 4-bit segments:
- 1010
- 1011
- 1000
- 0000
Now convert these to hex:
- 1010 = A
- 1011 = B
- 1000 = 8
- 0000 = 0
Thus we have AB80.
I hope this has been helpful!
Laz
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### Author:  [@ibmufa](https://forum.networklessons.com/u/ibmufa)
#### Post date: [October 28, 2021, 3:03pm UTC](https://forum.networklessons.com/t/ipv6-summarization-example/1223/18 "2021-10-28T15:03:15Z")
> [@lagapidis](#):
>
> **10111** 000
OMG! Thank you so much for the clarification. I was viewing them as separate hence the confusion. I’m glad I maintained my subscription for as long. You guys are the ultimate best. I appreciate your responsiveness. Relieved: